Parallel editing

Parallel editing is when there are two different scenes that are being played together to give the effect that the two scenes are about the same plot.

A pioneer of parallel is D.W. Griffith as he was one of the first directors to use the parallel in the film the lonedale operator. In this film he used parallel editing to add suspense to a scene which cuts between three shots which are: a frightened girl, a robber trying to break in and the approaching posse. 

A historic example of this is in the Godfather (1972) where on scene- the christening- is inter-cut (or cross cut) with a other scene- a series of murders. (from 3:35 till end of video)

I applied this technique to my first music video where the both of the main characters are getting changed in the dressing room (3:37-4:02) the parallel editing used in this scene makes it look like there getting changed  together and at the same time however it is at two different locations and at two different times.

Why We Edit

• Interest/engage the viewer
• Take out the bits we don’t want
• Select the footage we want
• Add post production effects + music
• Add emotion
• Change the order of the clips
• Make it more snappy
• Change around angles and scenes
• TELL A STORY-
  • Drama, Murder mystery – follow the killer perspective, different points of view - follow the suspects or police, FLASHBACKS fill in plot, keep the audience guessing – fool the audience, hiding details, withholding information, showing false information
  • music video (sometimes), Pace –speed up or slow down action
  • football match – highlights, tell story in a short way, best bits so people don’t get bored, montage, PACE; inline editing – LIVE, make as exciting as possible, FOLLOW THE ACTION,
  • documentary, follow perspective, follow the action, flashback/re-enactment, hold back info for later, withhold to simplify facts for viewers – maybe young audience, government withhold info, BIAS!

Why Do We Edit?

We edit film/tv to intrest the viewer by only using the bits that we need that make relevant, also add music to add tension. we also edit footage to make it more snappy and fast paced. however you can slow the pace down to add more effect on a person or a object. Another way we can make the film/tv more intresting is by changing the camera angles between shots to make the scene more intresting. In addition you could use different camera angles in a football match so you are following the action keeping the pace of the game high. aowever if a football match is a slow one thethey can add tempo

Jumpcut

Jump cuts are two sequential shots which are of a person or thing and only change slightly. the 30 degree rule is completely different. It is where two shots are filmed past 30 degrees of each other and which between each other.

In the doctor who episode at 4:42 the director uses a jump cut of the woman's emotion as for a split second she is scared and after that the woman is happy. This creates a mysterious and a weird feel to the film. Plus the shot is taken from the front of the woman this could confuse the audience as we didn't see the camera change.

A pioneer of Jump cuts was Jean-Luc Godard in his film breathless which was mad in the 1960. This was the first time that Jump cuts were used in any type of media. This started a new crave in the film industry as made the films stand out from others

Cutaway

A cutaway is when a camera is filming a continuous shot of something, however a shot of something else will but placed in the middle. After the second shot it cut back to the first camera therefore avoiding a jump cut




A cutaway is used in the first scene of inception (2:34 to 2:37) where it starts of one the main character then i switches to the other character, this makes the audience have a good understanding of both characters as both shots show the expression of characters. also it lets the second character react to the other character line to make the film feel more realistic






I also used this technique in my first music where one of the main characters is running to get ready in time for the football match, the jump cut happens at (2:46-2:52) in this time the shot changes between  him waiting for the lift and cuts to him miming on a balcony. We did this because we thought that it would make the shot less boring and wont make it drag on for to long.

5 Second Rule

The 5 second rule is a camera shot that is in TV and movie. It is when the camera is on a person or an object for more than 5 seconds to emphases t he importance of it or them, a good example of this is the last scene in Terminator 2 were the camera stays on the Terminator for more than 10 seconds to emphases the death of him. This is at 3:00 to 3:11. this creates a sense of peace in the audience as we think that John will be safe from the robots. However it could also create a sense of tension in some as they might think that there is no one to protect him.

Montages

Montage is a sequence of clips that can either condense a long period of time into a short one. Or, to show two different things in different locations that are happening at the same time, this is called a space based montage. A time based montage is a montage that shows a period of time in on sequence. A very good historical example of a time based is the rocky training montage.

Rocky is one of the most well known films in history. The montage in rocky 3 is him training with his opponent in the two previous films Apollo Creed. There are loads of fast paced shots and, that changed between scenes to show the progression of his training in one short amount of time. In the montage there are loads of different types of shots such as a few longs shots to show the whole boxing ring, and a few mid shots to show the hands and body when they are training. Also there are a few close up of the race they do on the beach to show the determination on their faces.

A pioneer of Montages is Eisenstein Potemkin who was considered the king of Montages He was a Soviet Russian film director, He was also known for his silent movies such as Battleships Potemkin He developed what he called "methods of montage"

1. Metric
2. Rhythmic
3. Tonal
4. Overtonal
5. Intellectual